2011-2013年武汉市某蓄电池企业铅作业工人职业健康检查结果

Examination results of occupational health of workers with lead exposure in a battery enterprise of Wuhan City from 2011-2013

目的了解武汉市某蓄电池企业铅作业工人健康状况,探讨职业病危害因素对铅作业工人健康的影响,为制定职业卫生防护措施提供理论依据。方法采用AKFC-92A型粉尘采样器进行现场采样;对2011—2013年间该企业铅作业工人进行职业健康检查;同时采用原子吸收光谱法对工人血铅、血常规、尿常规等进行实验室检测。结果选择7处监测点进行现场浓度调查,结果铅烟浓度范围为(0.002,0.40)mg/m3,铅尘浓度范围为(0.004,0.825)mg/m3。2011年有3处超标,超标率为42.85%;2012年超标2处,超标率为28.57%;2013年超标1处,超标率为14.29%。2011—2013年对2 349名工人进行健康检查,结果为:3年血铅值为(214.8±96.3)μg/L,95%CI为(48.8,401.8)。2011—2013年疑似职业性铅中毒分别为2、0和0例,疑似职业性铅中毒观察对象分别为21、14和25例。铅粉和分片刷片工人血铅值最高,平均值分别为343.8和287.0μg/L。结论该蓄电池生产企业职业病危害因素中铅烟、铅尘超标现象并不严重,职业卫生状况较好,且逐年情况得到改善。部分企业工人身体健康已出现损伤,并出现了铅中毒观察对象。

[Objective]To understand the health status of lead exposed workers in a battery enterprise, to explore the effect of lead on health of workers, and provide the theoretical basis for developing occupational health protection measures.[nethods]AKFC- 92A dust sampler was used for field sampling. Occupational health checks were performed on lead exposed workers in this enterprise from 2011-2013. Atomic absorption spectrometry was applied for laboratory test of blood lead, blood and urine. [Results]Seven points were monitored in the selected enterprise, the lead fume concentration was （0.002,0.40） mg/ms, and the lead dust concentration was （0.004,0.825） mg/m^3. There were 3 points over standard in 2011, with the rate of 42.85%, 2 points in 2012, with over standard rate of 28.57%, and 1 in 2013, with the rate of 14.29%. The 2011-2013 results of health examination on 2 349 workers showed blood lead level（214.8＋96.3） μg/L, 95% CI（48.8, 401.8）. From 2011-2013, the number of suspected lead poisoning cases was 2, 0 and 0 cases respectively, the number of observed objects was 21, 14 and 25 respectively. The lead concentrations in serum of workers engaged in the lead-powder job and the detach-and-paint job, were highest, with mean value of 343.8 μg/1 and 287.0 μg/1 respectively.[Conclusion]The over standard rate of lead fume and lead dust is not serious. The occupational health status is relatively well and improved annually. Several workers＇ health has been damaged and some are taken as observed cases of lead poisoning.