从对陶谢评价的轩轾看王夫之的诗学观念

A Review of Wang Fuzhi's Poetic Perspective from His Valuation of Tao and Xie's Positions

在诗学史上,魏晋南北朝时期的两位大诗人陶渊明和谢灵运一直以陶谢并称,而且是陶在谢前、重陶而轻谢的。但清初大思想家、文学家王夫之在其《古诗评选》中对陶诗和谢诗的评价则不同,扬谢而抑陶是其主要倾向。本文通过王夫之对陶谢的评价,透视其诗学批评的主要取向,王夫之论诗重现量、神理和势,都在对陶谢的评价中得到了具体体现。

In the poetic history of Chinese literature, Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun, two great poets of the Six Dynasties, are always mentioned together. Although most of the literary criticism placed Tao ahead of Xie, Wang Fuzhi, an influential philosopher of the early Qing period, hold a different point of view in his Gushi pingxuan （ critical selection of ancient poetry） and praised Xie over Tao. Wang invited the Buddhist idea ＂pratysa＂ into his poetic criticism, thought crystal images could only be created with pratysa, and that existed in Xie＇s poetry. He took ＂shenli＂ as ideal presentation; he had a negative opinion for ＂li＂ appearing in poem in the way of logic. ＂Shi＂ is the tension and direction of a poem ; Wang emphasized ＂shi＂ in poetry. This paper is to explore the poetic ideas of Wang through the close reading of his criticism on the poetry of Tao and Xie, and furthermore makes a thorough discussion on the key terms of pratysa, shenli, and shi, which are essential in Wang＇s poetic system.