大直径深孔爆破安全控制技术

Safety Control Technology of Large-Diameter Long-hole Blasting

针对大直径深孔采矿法回采存在的爆破规模大、爆破振动强度大、边帮控制困难等问题,以数个矿山多年大直径深孔爆破试验为依托,结合爆破振动监测和数值模拟技术,研究井下大直径深孔爆破安全控制技术。结果表明,空气间隔装药可以实现对高陡边帮和充填体的保护,确保边帮在规模爆破作用下的稳定性,同时极大地减少侧崩爆破的后冲作用。炸药在炮孔长度方向上分布越均匀,爆破破坏效应越小。基于高精度毫秒导爆管雷管的逐孔逐层起爆技术可以增加爆破自由面,增强岩石的破碎作用,同时控制最大段药量,有效降低爆破振动。

There are many problems for Large-Diameter long-hole mining method, such as large explosive charge, big blast vibration strength. To solve the problems, the safety control technology of large-diameter long-hole blasting is investigated based on the results of field tests in several mines and digital simulation technique. The results show that air-deck charge can not only protect the high sidewall and filling body, but also greatly reduce the back impact effect of lateral blasting. The more evenly in the hole along the length direction the explosive charge distribution, the more effectively control the blasting vibration. The free surfaces can be effectively increased and the blasting vibration reduced by using hole by hole blasting technique.