范式与超越:祖灵信仰之于中国文化传统的人类学阐释

Paradigm and Transcendence:Anthropological Interpretation of Faith of Ancestors in Chinese Cultural Tradition

在中国文化传统中,"祖灵"意指祖先及其所确立的亲属制度与信仰系统,以及相关文化伦理、世界观、祭祀仪式,倾向于强调天地、礼仪、象征和宇宙观。祖灵信仰及其相关文化范式,承载着一个民族深厚的文化血脉和伦理系统,是"天—地—人"认知文化,"儒释道"入世文化,乡土地方文化多向、多层次的互动、选择、吸纳、调适的过程,促成人类行动与宇宙天地相一致,社会生活与自然节律相协调的状态,体现着人类的自我超越性。

In the tradition of Chinese culture, the faith of ancestors refers to the ancestors, the kinship system and faith system they established, and the related cultural ethic, world outlook, and sacrificial cer- emony as well. It tends to emphasize the heavens and the earth, etiquette, symbols, and cosmology. The faith of ancestors and the relative cultural paradigms,bearing the cultural tradition and ethic system of a nation,is a process of multilayered and multidirectional interaction, selection,absorption and adaption for China~ s＂ Heaven-Earth-Person＂ cognitive culture, the ＂Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism＂ culture, and native culture. It also facilitates mutual harmony among the nature, society, and people, embodying self transcendence of human beings.