音乐绝对音高行为研究述评

A profile of Musical Absolute Pitch in the Field of Behavioral Research

音乐绝对音高(musical absolute pitch,AP)能力是一种敏锐的乐音音高知觉分类和记忆能力,表现为在没有任何其它音高参照的情况下,能够对所听到乐音音高进行准确命名或分类。本文从音乐绝对音高甄别方法、基因遗传、早期音乐训练、语言环境对音乐绝对音高能力形成的影响,以及绝对音高与音乐能力、音乐记忆和空间能力方面的研究进行了介绍,提出研究音乐绝对音高的重要性。最后展望了音乐绝对音高领域未来可能的四个研究方向。

Musical absolute pitch（AP） is the rare ability to instantaneously recognize, name, memorize and categorize tones without using a reference pitch for comparison. There are two main categories of tests for differentiating absolute pitch and non-absolute pitch： naming note method and non-naming note method. The influences of gene, musical training during early childhood and language environment were discussed in the present review. Characteristics of music processing, music memory and spatial ability in persons with musical absolute pitch were also described. Finally, four possible directions for future research in musical absolute pitch were suggested.