早发冠心病患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点研究

The Nursing Experience of Non-invasive Ventilation Treatment to the Patients with Hypoxemia after Acute Myocardial Infarction

目的：探讨早发冠心病（PCAD）患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点。方法：收集2014年8月至2015年2月北京安贞医院急诊科行冠状动脉造影的1000例患者为研究对象，根据冠状动脉造影结果和临床资料分为早发冠心病（PCAD）组（男〈55岁，女〈65岁，n=340）、晚发冠心病组（n=300）和对照组（非冠心病者，n=360）。对三组患者的临床资料进行统计学分析，采用logistic回归分析PCAD患者的危险因素，并比较PCAD组与晚发冠心病组的冠状动脉病变特点。结果：Logistic回归分析结果提示：吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素（P〈0．001）。PCAD组单支病变比例显著高于晚发冠心病组（P〈0．05）；回旋支、右冠状动脉病变比例低于晚发冠心病组（P〈0．05）。结论：吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素。早发冠心病患者冠脉病变主要累及前降支。单支病变多于晚发冠心病患者。

Objective： To evaluate the risk factors and features of coronary artery lesions in patients with premature coronary artery disease （PCAD）. Methods： The baseline clinical and coronary angiographic data of 1000 patients undergoing coronary angiography （CAG） were collected and analyzed. All patients were divided into PCAD group （n = 340, female〈65 years, male〈55 years）, late-onset CAD group （n = 300） and non-CAD group （n = 360）. Using logistic regression analysis of risk factors in patients with PCAD, Characteristics of coronary artery lesions were compared in PCAD group and late-onset CAD group. Results： In the control group as a reference to logistic regression analysis, the result of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking and family history Of premature coronary artery disease was an independent risk factor for premature coronary artery disease （P〈0.001）. Single branch lesion proportion of early-onset group was significantly higher than that of the late group; and the proportion of left circumflex artery, right coronary artery lesion was significantly lower than that of the late group. Conclusions： Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking and family history of PCAD are independent risk factors of PCAD. PCAD patients suffered more single vessel coronary artery lesions than late-onset CAD patients and mainly were anterior descending branch lesions.