非结核分枝杆菌相关研究新进展

Research progresses of nontuberculous mycobacteria

非结核分枝杆菌在自然界中广泛存在,部分可引起人类疾病.因非结核分枝杆菌对多种抗结核药物耐药,且诊断困难、患者预后较差,使非结核分枝杆菌感染性疾病逐渐成为医学界十分关注的研究课题.作者从非结核分枝杆菌种类及感染率、非结核分枝杆菌耐药情况及耐药机制研究、非结核分枝杆菌感染特点及治疗方案、非结核分枝杆菌检测方法及环境水非结核分枝杆菌污染研究等方面综述了非结核分枝杆菌相关的研究进展.其耐药机制及传播机制尚未阐明,需要进行深入研究.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria exist in nature widely, but only some of them cause diseases in hu- man. As some nontuberculous mycobacteria are resistant to some anti tuberculosis drugs, and it is difficult to diag- nose and with poor treatment outcome, the nontubereulous mycobacterial infectious diseases have become the con- cerned research topic in medical field gradually. This article reviewed the progress of study on nontuberculous myco- bacteria by summarizing the species and infection rate, drug resistance mechanisms and detection methods, the cha- racteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection and treatment regimens, and the research on water pollution of nontuberculous mycobacterial. The drug-resistance and transmission mechanisms of nontuberculous mycobacteria have not been elucidated, further research is needed.