新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区树附生地衣群落数量分类

Quantitative Classification of Epiphytic Lichen Communities in Tumur Peak National Natural Reserve

在托木尔峰国家级自然保护区（海拔2 200~3 000 m）设置25个20 m×20 m的样地,调查样地内树附生地衣种类、地衣盖度和生境指标。以地衣种盖度为指标,应用除趋势对应分析法（DCA）和双向指示种分析法（TWINSPAN）对树附生地衣群落进行数量分类。根据数量分类结果并综合生境特征,将保护区树附生地衣划分为4个群落类型。群落A：茎口果粉衣（Chaenotheca stemonea（Ach.）Muell）＋黑蜈蚣衣（Phaeophyscia nigricans（Flk.）Moberg）＋枪石蕊群落（Cladonia coniocraea（Floerke）Spreng.）;群落B：黄烛衣（Candelaria concolor（Dicks.）Stein.）＋粉粒树花（Ramalina pollinaria（Westr.）Ach.）＋中国树花（R.sinensis Jatta.）;群落C：柯贝尔副茶渍（Lecania koerberiana Lahm.）＋金黄茶渍（Candelariella aurella（Hoffm.）Zahlbr.）＋粗糙猫耳衣（Leptogium brebisonii Mont.apud Webb.）;群落D：斑面蜈蚣衣（Physcia aipolia（Humb.）Furnr.）＋类锈橙衣（Caloplaca ferrugineoides（H.Magn））＋污白雪花衣（Anophychia ulothricoides（Vain.）Vain.）。群落B和群落C的相似性最高,相似性系数为0.918;群落C和群落D的相似性系数为0.649;群落A与群落D相似性系数最低,相似性系数为0.264。树附生地衣的分布与海拔的关系较密切,高海拔和低海拔地带树附生地衣群落物种组成具有显著性差异。

We set 25 quadrats of 20 m×20 m at different altitudes along an altitudinal gradient of 2 200-3 000 m in Tumur Peak National Natural Reserve in Xinjiang. We identified lichen species in each quadrat and measured the lichen coverage of the quadrat combined with several environmental indices. We used the detrended correspondence analysis （DCA） and two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）methods to classify the epiphytic lichens communities. According to the quantita- tive classification and environmental characteristics of study area, the epiphytic lichens were divided to following four com- munities. Community A ： Chaenotheca stemonea （ Ach. ） Muell ＋ Phaeophyscia nigricans （ Flk. ） Moberg ＋ Cladonia co- niocraea （ Floerke ） Spreng. ; Community B ： Candelaria concolor （ Dicks. ） Stein. ＋Ramalirta pollirtaria （ Westr. ） Ach. ＋R. sinensis Jatta. ; Community C： Lecania koerberiana Lahm. ＋ Candelariella aurella （Hoffm.） Zahlbr. ＋ Leptogium brebisonii Mont. apud Webb. ; Community D ： Physcia aipolia （ Humb. ） Furnr.＋Caloplacaferrugineoides （H.Magn） ＋Anophychia ulo- thricoides （Vain.） Vain.. By Whittaker similarity, the high similarity occurred between community B and C （0.918）, and the lowest value occurred between community A and D （0.264）. The distribution of epiphytic lichens was related to altitude, and significant difference between the species composition of epiphytic lichens at high altitudes than that of at low altitudes.