水肥运筹对冬小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Application Strategies on Winter Wheat Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Water Use

为探明水肥运筹对冬小麦产量及水分利用的影响,采用田间试验,研究了不同氮肥追施比例(N0:一次性底施,N1:底施40%+拔节期30%+灌浆期30%,N2:底施60%+拔节期20%+灌浆期20%,N3:底施70%+拔节期30%)与灌水量(W0:0 m3/(次·hm2),W1:225 m3/(次·hm2),W2:450m3/(次·hm2))相结合对土壤水分,冬小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明,不同水氮运筹方式改善了小麦的光合特性,促进了小麦生长、产量及水分利用的提高。在小麦需水旺盛的灌浆期,各处理间的剖面土壤水分含量差异最为显著,其中以W2N3处理较高。在所有处理中,W2N2处理净光合速率最高,W1N2和W2N2处理叶片水分利用效率均较高;W2N2处理产量和水分生产效率最高,分别较对照(W0N0)提高33.5%、23.8%。综上,水肥运筹模式以W2N2处理最优。

To explore the effects of water and fertilizer application on yield and water use of winter wheat, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen topdressing proportions （ N0：base fertilizer 100%,N1：base fertilizer 40% ＋jointing stage 30% ＋filling stage 30%,N2：base fer-tilizer 60% ＋jointing stage 20% ＋filling stage 20%,N3：base fertilizer 70% ＋jointing stage 30%） and irrigation amount （ W0：0 m3/ha once,W1：225 m3/ha once,W2：450 m3/ha once） on soil moisture,pho-tosynthetic characteristics,yield and water use of winter wheat. The results showed that different nitrogen topdressing proportions and irrigation amount improved wheat photosynthetic characteristics, promoted growth,and increased yield and water use of wheat. At the filling stage wheat water requirement was rela-tively strong for wheat,profile soil moisture among treatments was most significantly different,the soil wa-ter content of W2N3 treatment was the highest. In all treatments,the net photosynthetic rate of W2N2 treatment was the highest, the leaf water use efficiency of W1N2 treatment and W2N2 treatment were higher than the other treatments,the yield and water production efficiency of W2N2 treatment were the＆amp;nbsp;highest,which increased by 33. 5% and 23. 8% respectively compared with the control（W0N0）. Overall, W2N2 treatment was the best.