自由是教育的构成性价值

Freedom as the Constitutive Value of Education

自由在消极意义上意味着免除任何形式的压制、压迫、蒙昧和剥夺,在积极意义上指实现理性的自主。对于主体而言,自由包含着自主、自治、自律和自制。自由是教育性的,是人实现其德性、理性和个性发展的根本条件和方式。自由是人之理性智慧和社会合作意识发展的根本条件,是道德人格积极发展的条件,也是人之知识建构和发展的根本条件。自由是教育的构成性价值,自由与教育共同承担着引导人格实现的使命。如果教育要引导人之精神的健全发展,就必须保障受教育者的自由。

Negative freedom means being free from any forms of coercion, oppression, demeaning and deprivation. Positive freedom means rational autonomy. Individual＇s freedom also means self-governing, self-ruling and self-discipline. Freedom is educative, and it is the way to and the precondition of the actualization of moral virtues, rationality and individuality as well as the development of wisdom and the consciousness of social collaboration in education. Freedom is also the indispensable condition of creation, communication and knowledge construction. Thus freedom has constitutive value for education. Both freedom and education have the commitment to facilitating the excellence of the individual＇s character. The premise on which education fulfills the task to develop soundly humane spirits is first to protect personal liberties.