论全球话语体系建构——文化冲突与融合中的全球修辞视角

On Building a Global Discourse System:An Approach of Global Rhetoric in Cultural Conflict and Amalgamation

政治、经济的全球化和数字媒介技术的发展成就了一个全球话语场。既有国际话语秩序中主导者话语权的衰弱和新兴话语主体的崛起,正在演绎一个新的全球话语秩序。中国正力图成为亚洲区域话语秩序的建构者和全球话语新秩序的主导者。文化冲突与融合中的全球话语体系建构已成为全球传播现实和话语学研究的双重命题。霸权与和平的对立,文明与文化的对抗,以及民族与普世、官方与民间、区域与全球等冲突,是全球话语体系建构的重要威胁。话语主体和话语机会的平等性、话语权利的自由性、话语空间的开放性、话语文化的包容性等,是全球话语体系建构的重要条件和保障。全球修辞是全球话语体系建设的重要和平手段。"礼"、"仁"、"忠"、"信"、"兼爱"、"非攻"等中国古典智慧,是建构全球话语体系、解决全球文化冲突、实现文化融合与区域和平发展的重要策略。

The globalization of economy and politics and the development of digital media create a global discourse field. A new global discourse system and order becomes true as the decline of the discourse power of the past dominator and the rise of new speakers in the international discourse system. The Internet has made the world into a whole in space and time. The territorial space of every nation has been replaced by a virtual space. A global communicative system has come into true. Internet discourse has become a new global ecology. Conflicts in the real world have been reflected by the network. They are resolved and extended through the network, and achieve the integration of global culture through words ultimately. Global discourse system is a comprehensive representation in media of global framework. Itis not only a stage for displaying global discourse of politics, economy, culture, science and technology, education and others, but also a re-expressive discourse system of human civilizations as well as a representation system in media for nations in the whole world. The Global discourse system varies in different levels, regions, fields as well as history and reality. China is trying his efforts to become a builder of the Asian regional discourse order and a dominator of the new global discourse system. The world should adapt its attitude actively according to the new discourse position, role and action of China. The world should also re-think and recognize all of these aspects of China as well as being used to China＇s new discourse role and power. Building a global discourse system in international cultural conflicts and amalgamation is becoming a mutual subject of both global communication practice and discourse research. The conflicts between powerful discourse and peaceful discourse, national discourse and universal discourse, local discourse and external discourse, official discourse and folk discourse are great threats to the building of a global discourse system. Equality, freedom, openness, tolerance, benevolence of speech is the safeguard and important conditions of building a global discourse system. Global rhetoric is the important means and ways for building a global discourse system. The global rhetoric is the globalization of rhetorical practice as well as a global social system, and a universal code and approaches to them. Global rhetoric means to defuse international conflicts, to deal with all the developmental problems of all the human beings by rhetorical conversation rather than violence and war, to unify the global public wills, to realize the common interests as well as to build a Great Unity. Global rhetoric is also a mean and a way for managing human souls and gathering common will of human beings, as well being a world order and one form of human civilization. The building of an Asian discourse system especially eastern Asian discourse system should be done by Asian nations themselves. It should be built on regional conversation and rhetoric with the aim to form discourse community. Asia should be returned to its classical harmony and civilization. This is a new choice of Asian civilization. The discourse system building of the globe and Asia should all absorb classic wisdom. Chinese classic wisdom, such as ＂speech rituals,＂＂speech humanity,＂ ＂speech loyalty, ＂ ＂speech truthfulness＂ of Confucianism and ＂universal love,＂ ＂no attacking＂ of Monism are important strategies for building of global discourse system, solving global cultural conflicts, realizing cultural amalgamation and regional peaceful development.