我国养猪户粪污处理问题分析及治理建议——基于四省284个样本的调研

An Investigation and Analysis of Pig Farmers' dung Treatment Problems :Based on 284 Sample Data from Four Provinces

随着生态文明建设和畜牧业转型升级的推进,我国越来越重视畜禽养殖污染问题。生猪养殖污染是我国最大的畜禽污染。了解养猪户的粪污处理措施,有助于规范其粪污处理行为,减少养殖污染排放。因此,通过问卷调查,收集辽宁、山东、江西及广东4个养猪大省共284个养殖户的样本数据发现,接近70%的养猪户有专门的粪污处理设施,但治理污染的成本较高;大部分养殖户综合采用直接排放、制取沼气、出售、粪肥还田等多种粪污处理方式;多数养殖户有改善粪污处理条件的意向,优先考虑制取沼气,但资金是最大困难。本文针对以上问题提出相应政策建议。

With the development of ecological civilization construction and animal husbandry industry transformation and upgrading, problems of pollution from livestock and poultry are paid more and more attention. Pig breeding pollution is the biggest livestock and poultry pollution in China. Understanding the behavior of pig farmers＂ dung treatment can contribute to reduce the pig pollution emissions.Therefore,284 sample data in Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces where a large numbers of pigs are raised were collected through questionnaire survey. It is concluded that nearly70%of pig farmers had specialized dung treatment facilities, but cost of pollution control was higher ;most of the pig farmers comprehensively adopted many modes of dung treatment such as direct emissions, making biogas, on sale and returning to farmland; most of pig farmers intended to improve waste processing conditions and gave priority to make the biogas,but they regarded shortage of funds as the most difficulty.At last, corresponding policy suggestions are put forward.