玉米病毒病的研究进展

Research Progress of Viral Diseases in Maize

我国发生的玉米病毒病主要有粗缩病、条纹矮缩病、矮花叶病、红叶病和鼠耳病等。玉米病毒病对我国玉米生产造成了严重危害,包括产量降低和品质下降等。玉米植株感染病毒后无法治愈,培育和种植抗病或耐病品种是防治玉米病毒病的有效途径之一。已有研究结果表明,病毒危害玉米的机理主要包括消耗营养物质、破坏线粒体和叶绿体、影响植物生长发育相关基因表达和激素含量等。玉米的抗病机理主要包括R基因、RNA沉默和基因敲除等。综述了玉米病毒病的危害、发病症状、病原、致病机理与玉米抗病机理及抗性遗传。

Maize viral diseases in China mainly include rough dwarf disease, streak dwarf disease, dwarf mosaic disease, red leaf disease, and wallaby ear disease, etc. These diseases have caused serious damage to maize production and qualities. Utilization of resistant or tolerant cuhivars is an effective way to control these viral diseases. Viruses can consume maize nutrition, destroy mitochondria and chloroplasts, and disturb hormone and expression of related genes. Resistant mechanisms of maize include R genes, RNA silence, and gene knock-out. This article reviewed the pathogens, symptoms, pathogenic mechanisms, and defense mechanisms and resistance genetics in maize.