爆裂玉米单倍体诱导和加倍方法的研究

Study on Pop Corn Haploid Inducing and Doubling Methods

以4份东北地区推广面积较大的爆裂玉米种质(科爆201、沈爆3号、津爆1号和吉爆3号)为基础材料,以3个单倍体诱导系(BD11、BD12、BD26)为父本进行人工诱导,通过子粒外观形态鉴定,确定准单倍体子粒。以秋水仙素作为人工染色体加倍药剂,设0.3、0.5和0.7mg/m L浓度梯度处理,并辅以2.5%DMSO+5%甘油作为助渗剂,采取浸根、浸芽、滴心叶、针刺生长点4种处理方法加倍准单倍体,筛选适宜的爆裂玉米单倍体加倍方法。结果表明,3个单倍体诱导系的诱导率差异极显著,以BD11诱导率最高,为7.99%;4个爆裂玉米杂交种诱导率差异极显著,以津爆1号的诱导率最高,为7.57%。浸芽法(0.7mg/m L)和针刺生长点法(0.3mg/m L)处理的成活率低于50%;滴心叶法(0.5mg/m L)和针刺生长点法(0.7mg/m L)的散粉率较高,分别为28.9%、45.9%,结实率亦较高,分别为11.1%、15.2%。滴心叶法和针刺生长点法加倍效果较好。

Haploid materials of pop corn were gotten with inducing lines as male parent and four pop corn varieties that widely cultivated in northeast of China as the base materials. The results indicated that the inducing rate of BD11 was the highest by 7.99%. The difference of inducing rate of four sweet corn hybrids was extremely significant （P 〈0.01）. The inducing rate of sweet corn hybrid Jinbaol was the highest by 7.57%. Of the four haploid colchicine doubling treatments （ dipping roots, buds, dipping heart leaf and aeupuncturing growing point） , the plant survival rates of dipping buds and acupuncturing growing point were lower than 50%. Doubling frequencies of dipping heart leaf at 0.5mg/mL concentration and acupuncturing growing point at 0.7mg/mL concentration performed better,with the rate of fertile plants at 28.9% and 45.9% ,and the seed rate of plants at 11.1% and 15.2% ,respectively. These results showed that dipping heart leaf and acupuneturing growing point would be better options for chromosome doubling.