抗战时期陕西垦荒事业探析

Shaanxi reclamation cause analysis during the Anti-Japanese War

全面抗战爆发后,大量难民的涌入陕西为陕西垦荒事业的开展提供人力的保证,政府和民间社团组织难民垦荒,通过发动民力、清查荒地、筹备生产资料、督导耕作、处理产权及收益分配、生产竞争、发动垦荒运动等一系列措施和手段,不断取得一些成绩,增加了陕西的耕地面积,促进了农、林、牧、副业的发展;对抗战时期的军粮民食提供了重要的补充和保障;有效动员民众;对全省的地方财政经济增值起到了实际作用。但耕地所有权在垦荒中没有明确的产权界定和划分,奖励垦荒的作用变得很有限,垦区和各县荒垦的土地关系日益恶化;战时经济统制政策导致垦荒政策的实施困难重重;垦荒过程粗放生产经营加剧了陕西省生态环境的恶化。

Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War broke out, an influx of refugees in Shaanxi province, the career development to provide the guarantee of human, the government and civil society organizations refugees cultivation, through a financial resources of the people, the supervision of the inventory wasteland, in the process of production, cultivation, processing property and income distribution, production competition, launched a series of measures such as reclamation movement and means, and, some achievements have been made constantly increased cultivated land area in Shaanxi, to promote the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline;Anti-Japanese War food stores provides an important complement and guarantee;Effective to mobilize the public;Value added to the province＆#39;s local finance economy has played a real role. But the cultivated land ownership in land reclamation with no clear property right definition and classification, the role of reward reclaims wasteland becomes limited, agricultural areas and various counties waste reclamation of land relations deteriorating;The implementation of the wartime economy control policy in reclamation difficulties;Extensive production management exacerbated the reclamation process the deterioration of ecological environment in Shanxi Province.