性别观念变迁的多视角考量:以“男主外,女主内”为例

Changes in a Gender Perspective from Multifaceted Perspective:The Case with “Men Dominating the Outside While Women Dominating the Inside of Households”

在社会剧烈转型期,性别观念的变迁除受到社会宏观制度变革的影响和形塑外,也受到个体所处生命周期差异的影响。基于生命周期视角提出的同期群分析,因其捕捉到了历史性经历和经历式生命阶段两个时间维度,而在社会变迁研究中备受推崇。为了深化性别观念变迁研究,文章利用1990年、2000年和2010年三期中国妇女社会地位调查性别角色分工观念的相关数据,从同期群、同龄人及代际等不同视角出发,揭示了1990-2010年中国城镇女性对"男主外,女主内"这一性别观念的态度变迁轨迹和特点,以及不同参照视角下性别分工观念变迁的异同,为深入研究性别观念的变迁提供了新的视角和工具。

In China＇s rapid social transition, changes in gender perspectives are affected by changes in macroeconomic systems as well as those in individuals＇ life cycles. Based on the notion of cohort of the life cycle perspective, this paper intends to capture two dimen- sions of a life course between historical experience and life experience, a method that has been highly recommended in studies of social change. To deepen research on social change from a gender perspective, the paper utilizes data on gender-based division of labor from the three National surveys on the Status of Women respectively in 1990, 2000 and 2010, to identify changes in urban women＇s percep- tion of the norm of ＂men dominating the outside while women dominating the inside of households.＂ Also, differences in changes in women＇s view of gender-based division of labor are identified based on analysis of characteristics of cohort, same age groups and inter- generational differences. This method has provided new tools to analyze changes overtime in gender perspectives.