乡镇体制改革:争论、困境与策略

Reform of Township System:Disputes,Dilemmas and its Strategies

乡镇行政体制改革无论是在理论建构上,还是在现实场域中,均存在诸多争议。理论而言,"撤销论"、"弱化论"与"保留论"的改革之争一直未曾休止;现实而言,当前乡镇政府面临着压力型体制下的权责失衡、悬浮型形态下的职能错位、自利型导向下的机构分化等问题。乡镇行政体制改革是系统性的社会建构议题,不仅局限于乡镇机构与人员改革,更应从县乡关系、政府职能与乡镇制度等方面进行统筹设计与综合治理。乡镇体制改革的基本思路是理顺县乡关系,推行还权赋能改革;转变政府职能,探索人员分流路径;完善乡镇制度,规范乡镇权力运作。

Township administrative reform, both in the theoretical construction and the realistic field, presentes lots of controversial. Theoretically, the disputes among ＂ the revoked voice＂, ＂ the weakened sound＂ and ＂the reserved demand＂ have not reach the end yet. Realistically, the township government is facing the imbalance of power and responsibility under the pressure system, the functions dislocation under the suspension--type form and the institutional differentiation in the self--interest oriented target. Town- ship administrative reform is a systematic social construction issue, not only limited to the reform of town- ship institutions and personnel, but also to the aspects of the government relationship between the county and townghip. The basic route of township administrative reform is to rationalize the relationship between the county and the town, to return the power and right to the township self--governance, to transform the government functions with the exploration of shunt path, and to improve the township system with the regulation of the township power operation.