航空航天嵌入式计算机体系架构评估模型

Aerospace Embedded Computer Architecture Evaluation Model

典型的航空航天嵌入式计算机具有很多共同的特点,在体系架构的设计方面表现尤为突出。从飞机飞行控制计算机、导弹制导控制计算机和星载计算机3种典型嵌入式计算机入手,分析了航空航天行业嵌入式计算机的体系架构特点和共性技术,从模块化、网络、综合化、集约化、长寿命、COTS和开放性7个体系架构特征开展研究,归纳出通用架构、成本控制和适应发展3个评价维度,从而构建了针对这类嵌入式计算机的体系架构评估模型。对每个体系架构特征提出了基本的评判原则和具有可操作性的参考项,并给出了整机、评价维度和体系架构特征三者的分级之间的关系,以此便可对嵌入式计算机进行分级,以满足不同的评估需求。以两种先进的航空嵌入式计算机的评估为例,说明了评估的过程和方法。评估实例表明,该评估模型清晰、有效、实用。

Typical aerospace embedded computers have many characters in common, especially in the aspect of the design of computer architecture. Three typical aerospace embedded computers were sampled and their characters of architecture and common technology were analyzed. These samples are flight control computer, guidance control computer and satellite borne computer. Seven characters of architecture were concluded. They are modular, network eentric, integration, intensivism, longevity, application of commercial off the shelf（COTS） and system openness. As a result, 3 evaluation dimensions were proposed., common architecture, cost control and development oriented, which contribute to the final score of the system under test directly. All the architecture characters and evaluation dimensionalities mentioned above form the evaluation model for aerospace embedded computers. Each architecture character has a basic guideline and a practical reference value or design. Based on the relationship of the classification of the final evaluation result, the evaluation dimensions and the architecture characters, any aerospace embedded computer can be scored according to the evaluation model for various estimate requirements. The evaluating method and progress were illustrated through two kinds of advanced aerospace embedded computers＇ evaluation case. The cases indicate that the evaluation model is clear, effective and practical.