从汉代屈原论争看汉代学术观念的变迁

On the Transition of Academic Conception under the Argument upon Qu Yuan in the Han Dynasty

汉代屈原论争可分为三个阶段,第一阶段为汉代初年至西汉宣帝时期,第二阶段为西汉元帝年间至东汉和帝时期,第三阶段为东汉安帝时期至东汉末。汉代士人对屈原的论争体现出汉代学术观念的变迁:第一阶段以黄老之术治国,此阶段士人对屈原持肯定态度;第二阶段为儒学独尊时期,此阶段扬雄、班固、贾逵等人对屈原持批判态度;第三阶段为经学的中衰时代,王逸、应劭、荀悦等人又极力提高屈原地位。汉代屈原论争在三个阶段的不同表现可以从今本《楚辞补注》的作者情况得以体现。

The Argument upon Qu Yuan in the Han Dynasty is divided into three stages： the first, from the beginning years of Western Han to Xuan Emperor Period, during which the country was ruled upon the theories of Huang Lao and Han scholars held positive attitude on Qu; the second, from Yuan Emperor Period to He Emperor of Eastern Han, during which Confucianism stood supremacy and many scholars held critical attitude upon Qu; the third, from An Emperor to the end of Eastern Han, during which Buddhism scripture was declining, so many tried to improve Qu~ status. The situations of the three stages are reflected in Chuici Notes. The argument upon Qu Yuan reflects the transition of academic conception and rise and decline of Buddhism scripture in the Han Dynasty.