钙肥对酸性土壤春花生生长及产量的影响

Effects of Calcium Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Spring Peanuts in Acidic Soil

花生荚果发育对钙元素(Ca)需求量较大,土壤中可交换Ca质量分数偏低易影响荚果的发育,造成空秕。针对酸性土壤中可交换Ca易淋溶损失的特点,研究增施Ca肥对花生生长和产量的影响。设3个处理:不施Ca肥为对照(CK),667m2施钙镁磷肥50kg(T1)和钙镁磷肥100kg(T2)。结果表明:增施Ca肥的花期开花量高于CK;植株的生长早期慢于CK,后期则明显快于CK,植株干物质的积累与植株高度趋势一致。施Ca有利于侧枝的生长,促进生育后期叶片、根系和茎干质量的增加,同时荚果产量明显提高,其中T1和T2分别比CK增产23.9%和21.7%。说明,增施Ca肥有利于花生植株干物质的积累,从叶片面积和叶片干质量变化可以看出,施Ca肥能有效延缓后期花生植株衰老,对于后期光合产物的积累和籽粒发育具有极大的促进作用。

In the development of peanut pod,large amount of Calcium（Ca）is needed,and low contents of exchangeable Ca in the soil stunt the development of peanut pod,even cause pod unfilled.Eluviation induces the loss of exchangeable Ca in acidic soil.Three treatments were conducted：no Ca-application（CK）,50kg/667m^2 fused calcium-magnesium phosphate（T1）and 100kg/667m^2 fused calcium-magnesium phosphate（T2）.The result showed that the amount of flowers were more than CK under Ca-application during blooming stage.Additionally,the growth of Ca-application was slower than CK at early stage and faster at late stage,the accumulation of plant dry matter,the plantheight.Ca-application also benefited the formation of branching and the growth of side branches,and promoted the dry weight of leaves,roots and stems at the late stage.Compared with the pod yield of CK,the yield of T1 and T2increased by 23.9%and 21.7%,respectively.These results showed that Ca-application benefits the dry matter accumulation of peanut plants and plant development.Especially,the higher dry weight of roots and leaves of Ca-application plants at the late stage than that of CK,Ca could delay the plant senescence which would greatly promote the assimilate accumulation and pod development.