论马尔库什对马克思“人的本质”与历史的辩证关系

On Markus' Exploration of the Dialectical Relationship between Marx's " Human Nature" and Historical Materialism

马尔库什认为马克思"人的本质"概念包含劳动、社会性、意识、自由等方面,是"四位一体"。马克思"人的本质"概念与历史之间存在着辩证的关系:"人的本质"概念为历史的形成提供了可能性、现实性,预设了历史发展的方向性;在特定历史时期,人的本质得以彰显。同时,历史进步趋势与个体本质之间存在着背离现象。人的本质的承担者是整体人类社会,只有通过超越异化,变革社会体制,才能实现社会历史进步与个体本质的统一。他的这些见解对于正确理解马克思"人的本质"概念及其与历史的辩证关系具有重要意义。

In Markus＇s mind, Marx＇s ＂ human nature＂ is a four-facet concept covering labor, social nature, consciousness and freedom. The concept is dialectical with historical materialism. Human nature provides the possibility and reality for the formation of history and presumes its development direction, and is figured out in given historical period. At mean time, there is deviation between individual nature and historical progress trend. The carrier of human nature is the human society as a whole. Integration of historical progress and individual nature can be realized only through overcoming the alienation and social system change. Markus＇s opinions are significant for correct understanding Marx＇s concept of ＂ human nature and its dialectical relationship with historical materialism.