中国现代主义思潮的“颓废性”嬗变

The " Decadent" Turn of Modernist Literature Image in China

"五四"时期,中国作家在接受现代主义时表现出明显的"浪漫化"倾向,注重反传统、重个性的先锋精神,并对其寄予启蒙大众、引领人生的"厚望"。"五四"后,中国知识分子的现代性诉求发生了由文化启蒙向社会革命的转变。在新的文化语境中,现代主义逐渐被左翼文艺界指称为资产阶级腐朽、堕落的艺术,而成为无产阶级革命文学的反面。现代主义思潮在中国现代文学发展过程中的这一"颓废性"嬗变,既有社会现实的外在因素,也有艺术自身的内部原因,更与这一时期俄、日激进文艺思潮及早期马克思主义文艺理论家的影响密不可分。

In the ＂ May Fourth＂ period, Chinese writers kept a romantic enthusiasm on modernist literature, focusing on its avant-garde spirits in anti-tradition and pro-individualism. They project on the literature expectations of enlightening mass people and guiding lives. After the ＂ May Fourth＂ period, Chinese intellectuals shifted their pursuit of modernity from cultural enlightenment to social revolution. In the new cultural context, the modernist literature was increasingly attacked by Left writer as a decadent, corrupted bourgeoisie arts and the opposite to proletarian revolutionary literature. Such a ＂ decadent＂ turn of modernist thoughts in Chinese modern literature history is a result from both the outer social factors and inner artistic factors. It is also due to the heavy influence of radical literary thoughts from Russia and Japan as well as the doctrines advanced by early Marxist literary theorists.