油茶林土壤生物特性与产量的关系

Relationship between soil biological characteristics and oil production in Camellia oleifera forest

【目的】探讨油茶林土壤酶活性和微生物数量与油茶产量之间的关系,为油茶林地土壤肥力质量评价指标的选择提供依据。【方法】以盛果期油茶成林为试验对象,在湖南邵阳县的油茶主产区选取11个样地,运用方差分析、相关分析和因子分析等方法探讨油茶林根际土壤与非根际土壤的生物特性差异以及油茶林土壤酶活性、微生物量与产量的关系。【结果】过氧化氢酶活性在根际土与非根际土之间差异显著(P<0.05,下同);碱性磷酸酶、总磷酸酶、脲酶活性和细菌、真菌、放线菌数量在根际土与非根际土之间均有极显著差异(P<0.01,下同)。在油茶林根际土壤中,酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性和真菌数量在高产与低产间差异显著,高产区酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性和真菌数量的均值分别比低产区高31.8%、44.7%和109.3%;中性磷酸酶、总磷酸酶、脲酶活性在高产区与低产区间有极显著差异,高产区中性磷酸酶、总磷酸酶、脲酶活性的均值分别比低产区高38.3%、31.7%和48.5%。油茶林根际土壤过氧化氢酶、总磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶、脲酶活性和真菌、细菌、放线菌数量分别与产量显著相关或极显著相关。【结论】油茶林土壤生物特性与产量密切相关。总磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性和真菌、细菌、放线菌数量可考虑作为油茶林土壤肥力质量评价指标。

[Objective]The relationship between enzyme activity and microbial quantity were studied in different yield of C. oleifera forest soil to provide the basis for the evaluation index selection of fertility quality in C. oleifera forest soil. [Method]The experiment was conducted in the full fruit period of C. oleifera forest. 11 plots of C. oleifera forest areas in Shaoyang county of Hunan Province were selected. Variance analysis, correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to investigate the difference between soil biological characteristics of C. oleifera forest rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, and the relationship between enzyme activities,microbial biomass in different soil yield of C. oleifera forest. [Result]There were significant differences between the rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil catalase activity （P〈0.05 ,the same below）. There were extremely significantly differences in alkaline phosphatase,total phosphaiase,invertase,urease and the quantity of bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes which between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil （P〈0.01 ,the same below）. The activity of acid phosphatase, catalase and the number of fungi had significant difference which between high and low yield in C. oleifera rhizosphere soil. The average number of acid phosphatase,catalase activity and fungal quantity in high yield respectively were 31.8% ,44.7%, 109.3% higher than the low region. The activity of neutral phosphatase,total phosphatase, urease had very significant differences which between high and low yield of C. oleifera soil. The average values of total phosphatase,neutral phosphatase, urease activity in high yield area were 38.3%, 31.7%, 48.5% higher than the low region. The activity of eatalase, phosphatase, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase, urease and the quantity of bacteria, fungi and Aetinomyces respectively existed significant or very significant correlation in different yield of C. oleifera rhizosphere soil. [Conclusion]The relationship between soil biological characteristics of C. oleifera and yield is closely related. The activity of total phosphatase, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase, catalase, urease ,and the numbers of bacteria ,fungi and actinomyeetes can be considered as the evaluation index of soil fertility quality of C. oleifera.