非洲大蜗牛在中国的研究现状及展望

Overview and perspective on the current research status for the giant snail Achatina fulica in China

非洲大蜗牛(Achatina fulica)是被世界自然保护联盟列入全球100种恶性外来入侵物种黑名单的一种陆生螺,现已广泛分布于世界大部分湿热地区。通过文献查阅,研究分析了非洲大蜗牛在我国的发生历史、分布现状、生物学特性、危害现状和防治方法,并提出了今后关于非洲大蜗牛入侵需要加以研究的问题。非洲大蜗牛自20世纪初传入我国,现已在广东、广西、海南、云南、福建等省(区)及港澳台地区均有分布,并在农业生产、病虫传播和生态环境等方面造成了一系列负面影响;目前对非洲大蜗牛的防治方法主要包括农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治、检疫防治等方面,但尚未形成一套行之有效的综合防控技术。

Achatina fulica, the terrestrial snail among the 100 worst invasive alien species listed by the World Conservation Union, is widely distributed around the world. In this paper, occurrence history, distribution, biological characteristics, damage status and control methods of A. fuliea in China were reviewed and summarized, and some relevant research perspectives were also put forward. The results indicated that A. fuliea which was introduced to China in the 1920s and 1930s, has already been scattered in the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Fujian, and in areas of Hang Kong, Macao and Taiwan in China, and caused a series of negative effects on agricultural production, diseases and pests dispersion and environment. At present, various control techniques including agricultural, physical, biological, chemical and quarantine control for preventing A. fulica are used, however, some effective integrated countermeasures on A. fulica are still required.