宁夏贺兰山自然保护区生物多样性现状与保护对策

Current Situation and Protection Countermeasures of Biodiversity of Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve

贺兰山地跨温带草原与荒漠两大植被区域,是我国西北干旱区重要的生物多样性中心和生物资源宝库。宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区总面积193 535.68 hm2,其地理位置特殊,植物区系组成复杂,植被类型多样,生物多样性丰富。据保护区第二次综合科学考察统计,该区有陆生脊椎动物5纲24目56科218种,野生维管植物84科329属647种17变种,苔藓植物26科65属142种,大型真菌32科81属259种,昆虫165科700属1 025种。然而近半个世纪以来,由于人为活动的干预使其生态环境逐渐恶化,生物多样性降低。通过分析宁夏贺兰山生物多样性现状、特点及生物多样性减少的原因、保护工作中存在的问题,提出了加大宣传力度、加强科学研究、加大保护执法力度等保护管理对策。

The Helan mountain is located in the extension of the temperate steppe area and desert area, is the important center of biological diversity and biological resources treasure house in the northwest arid area of China. The total area of Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve is 193,535.68 hm2,and it has a special geographical position,the com-plex floristic composition, various vegetation types and rich biodiversity. According to the second comprehensive scientific survey statistics,this area had 5 classes,24 orders,56 families and 218 species of terrestrial vertebrate,had 84 families, 329 genera, 647 species and 17 varieties of the wild vascular plants, had 26 families, 65 genera and 142 species of mosses, had 32 families, 81 genera and 259 species of macro fungi, it also had 165 families, 700 genera and 1 025 species of insects. However,in the recent half century,the biodiversity has reduced because of the environmental degrada-tion which caused by artificial intervention. The protection and management countermeasures just like increasing propaganda, strengthening scientific research and enforcement of the protection law were put forward based on the analysis of the status and the characteristics of biodiversity and the causes of the reduction of biological diversity of Ningxia Helan mountain and the existing problems in the protection work.