淮河荆涂峡鲤、长吻鮠国家级水产种质资源保护区冬季渔业群落多样性研究

Winter biodiversity of the fishery community in Huaihe Cyprinus carpio and Leiocassis longirostris national aquatic germplasm resources conservation area

使用多种捕捞网具于2014年12月在淮河荆涂峡鲤、长吻鮠国家级水产种质资源保护区的核心区和实验区进行现场调查,利用调查数据对保护区渔获物组成及群落多样性进行研究。现场调查共采集到各类渔业生物33种,包括鱼类28种、甲壳类5种,分别隶属于6目13科31属。保护区渔获物组成以鲤形目物种占优,其物种数、渔获尾数和渔获重量占总渔获物的比例分别为60.61%、50.63%和89.86%。群落结构以淡水定居性物种及杂食性物种占优,优势种为鲤和鲫。保护区渔获物以小型物种占优,体重均值为44.70 g。基于渔获尾数的多样性特征值为:丰富度指数(R)4.6700,信息指数(H')2.9300,优势度指数(D)0.0680,均匀度指数(E)0.5675。克氏原螯虾在保护区内广泛分布,对其入侵性应加以重视。

A survey on fish biodiversity in Huaihe Cyprinus carpio and Leiocassis longirostris national aquatic germplasm resources conservation area was conducted using different net-fishing methods in the core and experimental areas in December 2014. A total of 28 fish species and five crustacean belonging to 6 orders, 13 families, and 31 genus were collected. In all catch, the Cypriniformes was dominate in the number of species, the number of individuals, and the fish weight that accounted for 60.61%, 50.63%, and 89.86%, respectively. Because of the semi-closed habitat, the fishery community was dominated by freshwater sedentary species and omnivorous species. The ecological dominance of the fishery community was analyzed through IRI indexes. Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus were dominate species. In all 946 samples colleccted, small individuals held advantage in the fishery structure and the average body weight was 44.70 g. Based on catch individuals, biodiversity indexes of the fishery community could be summarized as Margalef＇s index was 4.6700, Shannon-Wiener＇s index was 2.9300, Simpson＇s index was 0.0680, and Pielou＇s index was 0.5675. Furthermore, Procambarus larkia was widely distributed in the reserve area and more attention should be paid to its strong invasive ability and the dam- age to the ecological environment.