古代诗歌批评视域中的“奇”美

On“Extraordinary”Beauty in Ancient Chinese Poetry Criticism

从古代诗歌批评视域来看,"遇物而奇"与"遇变出奇"是诗歌奇美生成的主要方式。前者侧重诗歌创作起因,是文学感物理论的发展;后者侧重诗歌创作手法,是文学通变理论的延伸。诗歌奇美在作品层面亦分有层次,概言即字奇与意奇。意蕴之奇胜于字句之奇,是魏晋以来形成的诗歌审美趣味,得到了后世诗人的普遍认同。诗歌奇美,是在奇与正、奇与平、奇与稳、奇与理、奇与自然的动态平衡中呈现其审美内蕴。

Viewed from the perspective of ancient Chinese poetry criticism,encountering extraordinary things and producing extraordinary beauty from unexpected things are the main means of generating extraordinary beauty. The former focuses on the cause of poetry creation and is the development of literary theory of sensuous sense; the latter focuses on poetry creation techniques and is an extension of the theory of general transformation. Extraordinary poetic beauty can also be divided into two levels: literal extraordinariness and implicative extraordinariness. The latter is higher than the former and has developed into one of Chinese people's aesthetic tastes since the Wei and Jin Dynasties and hence has been accepted by poets of later generations. Of course,poetic implicative beauty is not limited to'extraordinariness'and poets do not blindly go after'extraordinariness'. Poetic beauty pursues intrinsic implicative beauty in a dynamic balance between extraordinariness and uprightness,between extraordinariness and normality,between extraordinariness and stableness,between extraordinariness and rationality and between extraordinariness and naturalness.