不同茎叶处理除草剂对玉米的安全性

Effect of Different Post-emergence Herbicides to Maize

[目的]明确4种茎叶处理除草剂对玉米的安全性,为指导生产合理用药提供参考。[方法]采用盆栽法研究了不同剂量的莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和2,4-滴丁酯对玉米的药害症状以及株高和鲜重的影响。[结果]莠去津在推荐剂量0.5~5.0倍用量下对玉米的安全性较高;硝磺草酮在推荐剂量3.0~5.0倍用量下,叶片产生药害症状,但药后30 d药害症状能够自行缓解,对玉米株高和鲜重无显著影响;烟嘧磺隆在推荐剂量3.0~5.0倍用量下对玉米株高有一定抑制作用,但对鲜重无显著影响;2,4-滴丁酯对玉米株高或鲜重均有一定抑制作用。[结论]4种供试茎叶处理除草剂对玉米的安全性由高到低依次为莠去津、硝磺草酮、烟嘧磺隆、2,4-滴丁酯。

[ Objective ] The aim was to test the safety of maize to 4 post-emergence herbicides, and provide reference for guiding the rational use of herbicides in production. [ Method] In the pot experiment, the phytotoxicity symptoms of different dosages atrazine, nicosulfuron, me- sotrione, 2,4-D butylate on maize was studied, as well as the plant height and fresh weight. [ Result] Atrazine was very safe to maize at the tested dosages, which were 0.5 - 5.0 fold to the recommended dosage. Mesotrione could cause phytotoxicity symptoms to maize at higher do- ses, which were 3.0 - 5.0 fold to the recommended dosage, but the phytotoxicity could recover by itself on 30th day after the application, and didn＇ t markedly affect the height or the fresh weight of maize. Nicosulfuron could reduce the height of maize, but not the fresh weight at higher doses. 2,4-D butylate could reduce both the height and the fresh weight of maize. [ Conclusion] The order of the safety of 4 tested herbicides from high to low is atrazine, mesotrione, nicosulfuron and finally 2,4-D butylate.