我国土地利用总体规划公众参与中的政府角色

The Roles of Governments in the Public Participation in the General Land Use Planning in China

我国对土地利用规划公众参与的研究较多,但涉及到公众参与中政府角色的研究甚少。该研究运用文献分析法和归纳分析法梳理我国土地利用总体规划公众参与的现状,描述中央政府和地方政府目前所扮演的角色,并指出两者角色不一的原因,由此提出相关建议。结果表明,由于存在利益博弈,在土地利用总体规划公众参与的过程中,中央政府是促进者,地方政府是消极配合者。为此,中央政府应从摆正公众参与的位置、完善相关法律法规、拓宽公众参与渠道、调节与地方政府的关系和加强监督与惩罚机制5个方面着手完善促进者角色;地方政府应从积极培养公众的参与观念、制定相关法规、开辟参与渠道和提高土地利用效率、减轻对土地财政的依赖、调整与中央政府的关系几方面着手转变为积极配合者,以促进土地利用总体规划中公众参与的发展。

Whilst the study on public participation in land use planning in China is rich, there is limited literature which considers the roles of governments in this process. By analyzing the current situation of public participation in the general land use planning in China with the meth- ods of literature analysis and inductive reasoning, the roles of the central government and the local governments were described and why their roles are different was answered so as to put forward related suggestions. The result indicates that the central government is a facilitator while local governments are negative to cooperate because of game. It is concluded that the central government should perfect the role of facilitator by adjusting the position of the public participation correctly, improving the legislation, expanding more approaches to engage the public, adjus- ting the relationship with local governments and strengthening the supervision and punishment mechanism. Local governments should foster the participation concept of the public actively and formulate relevant laws and regulations. Providing a communication platform which suppresses a barrier of non-professionalism, improving the efficiency of land use, reducing the dependence on land finance and adjusting the relationship with the central government are also needed for local governments turning to be active cooperators.