氮素营养对不同产地菘蓝的干物质积累、根外形品质及光合作用的影响

Effect of nitrogen nutrient on dry matter accumulation,apparent quality and photosynthesis of Isatis indigotica Fort. from different areas

[目的]探讨不同氮素处理水平对菘蓝干物质积累、根外形品质及光合作用的影响,为其栽培生产中最佳施氮形态及比例提供理论基础。[方法]以5个产地的菘蓝植株为材料,采用田间小区试验,设7个处理:不施氮、硝态氮(NO-3-N)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)、NH+4-N/NO-3-N=75/25、NH+4-N/NO-3-N=50/50、NH+4-N/NO-3-N=25/75和酰胺态氮,分析比较了不同产地植株的生长指标、叶绿素含量及光合相关参数等指标的差异性。[结果]铵、硝态氮混合(NH+4-N/NO-3-N=75/25和NH+4-N/NO-3-N=50/50)施用有利于陕西商洛菘蓝的生长,而甘肃张掖菘蓝则在全铵态氮和酰胺态氮处理下,地下部生物量及总生物量的积累效应大。酰胺态氮处理有利于促进安徽亳州、甘肃张掖、安徽阜阳和山西运城菘蓝地下部干物质的积累。甘肃张掖菘蓝与陕西商洛菘蓝的主根直径和侧根数分别在NH+4-N/NO-3-N=25/75和NH+4-N/NO-3-N=50/50处理时最大。与对照相比,氮素处理能有效提高菘蓝叶片的叶绿素含量,其中对安徽阜阳菘蓝的促进作用最强,且全硝处理时其叶绿素含量最大。氮素处理也有利于提高菘蓝的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率,其中陕西商洛菘蓝的光合相关参数最高。[结论]不同产地植株对氮素处理的响应存在较大的差异,建议生产中应根据不同产地采取不同的施氮处理。

[ Objectives ] To provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of the best suitable nitrogen application forms and proportion in the cultivation of Isatis indigotica Fort., the effect on the dry matter, apparent quality and photosynthesis of I. indigotica was explored. [ Methods ] Field experiment was going to analyze the growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of I. indigotica from five different areas by using seven nitrogen treatment with three repeats ,which were nitrogen control, NO^-3N, NH^-4N, NH^＋4-N/NO^-3N = 75/25, NH^＋4-N/NO^3-N = 50/50, NH^＋4-N/NO^-N = 25/75 and CO （ NH2 ） 2, respectively. [ Results ] I. indigotica from Shaanxi Shangluo in annnonium nitrate mixed fertilizer（ NH^＋4-N/NO^3-N = 75/25 and NH4^＋-N/NO^3-N = 50/50）, grew well ; While the group from Gansu Zhangye in the ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen processing conditions, underground biomass and total biomass had a larger accumulation. The treatment of amide nitrogen could improve the dry weight of roots of Anhui Bozhou, Gansu Zhangye, Anhui Fuyang and Shanxi Yuncheng. The main root diameter and the number of lateral root in the group of Gansu Zhangye and Shaanxi Shangluo all reached maximum in NH^＋4-N/NO^-3N = 25/75 and NH^＋4-N/NO^-3N = 50/50, respectively. Nitrogen treatment could effectively improve the chlorophyll content of I. indigotica, especially the Anhui Fuyang with nitrate nitrogen. Meanwhile, nitrogen treat- ment was also beneficial to improving its photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentra- tion,which significantly affected on the I. indigotica from Shaanxi Shangluo. [ Conclusions] These results indicated that there are many differences between the response Of nitrogen treatment in different areas. Therefore we could improve the yield of the I. indigotica by applying suitable nitrogen forms and proportions according to the different responses to nitrogen forms and proportion in different areas.