英汉被动句动词被动化的优先序列研究

On the Priority Sequence of English and Chinese Verbs' Passivization

本研究从语言类型学的视角,基于真实语料库的语料统计,对比分析了英汉被动句动词被动化条件和限制的共性和差异。共性规律显示,英汉被动句动词被动化时存在优先序列,动态性和结果影响义是被动动词的本质意义和被动化的重要条件。而差异表明,汉语动词被动化比英语更趋向于为动态动词和带结果义的动词结构。它反映了被动事件的认知视角差异:看待被动事件时,汉语倾向于从受影响者即更动态、主观的角度,而英语倾向于从受事即较客观的角度。

From the perspective of linguistic typology, based on the statistics and analysis of authentic corpus, this paper compares and analyzes the similarities and differences of the conditions and restrictions between Eng- lish and Chinese verbs in passive sentences. The univer- sality found in the study is that both English and Chinese have priority sequences of verbs in passivization. The dy- namics and the meaning with resultative affectedness are the essential meanings of passive verbs. Meanwhile, the differences demonstrate that in passivization Chinese verbs tend to take dynamic or resultative verb constructions compared to English verbs. The differences display differ- ent cognitive perspectives in passive events： in viewing passive events, Chinese tends to take the perspective of the affected, i. e., more dynamic and subjective while English tends to take the perspective of the patient （re- ceiver of the action）, i. e. , more objective.