言语幽默机制与定量研究

Theories and Quantitative Research of Verbal Humor Mechanism

言语幽默机制的理论研究大体经过了三个阶段:乖讹论、语义脚本理论和一般理论。乖讹论只是对幽默的一种认知解读,Raskin提出的语义脚本理论是最早的系统化的理论,Attardo与Raskin合作的言语幽默的一般理论是对前者的修订。该理论与Suls的乖讹-消解相对应。一般理论包括六个参数(分别是脚本对立、逻辑机制、情境、对象、叙述策略、语言),参数是有等级性的。本文通过定量研究,验证了参数的等级性。无限的笑话可以通过结合各个知识资源的值来评析,他们能够处理笑话相似性的问题,为笑话的不变性提出更有力、更信服的依据,尽管言语幽默的一般理论也存在不足。

The theories of humor mechanism include three phases：the Incongruity Theory, the Semantic Script Theo- ry of Humor （SSTH） and the General Theory of Verbal Humor（GTVH）. Attardo, co-authoring with Raskin, who first proposed the SSTH, revised and expanded SSTH into the GTVH. This theory is the counterpart to Suls＇ Incon- gruity-Resolution （IR）, which consists of six levels of humor parameters, namely, script opposition, logical mechanism, situation, target, narrative strategy, and lan- guage. These six parameters are called Knowledge Re- sources （KRs） and they have a rank character. In this ar- ticle ,we have verified this character through a quantitative study. An infinite number of jokes can be commented on by combining the values of respective KRs. This theory enables us to tackle the issue of joke similarities and offer a more powerful and convincing argument for joke invari- ance,despite the fact that the General Theory of Verbal Humor has its deficiency.