梁启超科学观历史内涵与现实价值的理性审视

Historical Significance and Actual Value of Liang Qichao's View of Science

"科学"一词内涵极其丰富,既有形上层面的科学精神、科学价值,也有形中层面的科学方法、科学知识,还有形下层面的科学结果、技术成就。梁启超侧重于从形上、形中层面阐释科学,重科学精神轻科学结果,明确区分"学"与"术",构成五四期间科学启蒙、思想文化启蒙、现代性启蒙的重要组成部分。五四后期,他高举人文大旗,反对科学一层论,有利于实现科学与人文的交融和谐。晚年梁启超的科学观常受人诟病,被视为科学的反对派,但他仍一如既往地讴歌科学,不惜以自己的生命维护科学权威,在科学史研究、引导子女走科学研究之路方面,践行着自己对科学的信仰,是今人学习的楷模。

The notion of science is extremely rich in meaning, concerning the spirit of science and the value of science on the metaphysical level. It also concerns scientific method and scientific knowledge. On the physical level, it concerns the scientific and technological achievements. Liang Qichao preferred to interpret science from the metaphysical level, thinking highly of the spirit of science and lowly of scientific results. He explicitly distinguished between learning and skill, which plays a vital part in scientific enlightenment, ideology and culture enlightenment and modernity enlightenment in the May 4th Movement. After the movement, he held high the banner of humanity and objected to the idea of one dimensional science, which was good for the fusion of science and humanity. His scientific outlook in the later years was often criticized and he was regarded as an opponent of science. However, he eulogized science as he always did and safeguarded the authority of science with his life.