个体化教育方案对高血压老年患者居家照护者照护行为的影响

Effect of individualized education program on the caring behaviors of home caregivers for elderly patients with high blood pressure

目的 由于老年高血压患者照顾者照顾行为不标准,给患者恢复带来许多问题,因此需要找到合适的方法 调整照顾者的照护行为。本文针对个体化教育方案对老年高血压居家照顾者照顾行为的影响进行研究。方法 选取2012年4月—2013年8月间来哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院进行治疗的老年高血压居家照顾者160例,将照顾者按来院顺序编1~160号,其中奇数作为干预组,偶数作为对照组,每组80例。所有患者均接受降血压常规治疗,血压稳定后离院,干预组照顾者接受个体化教育方案,对照组照顾者仅接受出院前的常规健康教育。在入院前采用问卷调查方式收集患者的一般资料,在出院后2个月进行患者回访,问卷调查方式统计照顾者高血压相关知识的掌握情况。收集医院记录,统计患者2个月内再就诊率。应用SPSS 13.0软件对收集的数据进行统计学分析。结果 干预组2个月后高血压知识掌握良好人数占到总数的87.5%,对照组照顾者仅有17.5%的照顾者能够正确护理,2组数据比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。干预组的高血压再就诊率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 个体化教育方案对老年高血压患者居家照护者照护行为具有积极影响,并且能有效降低老年高血压患者再就诊率。

Objective To study the effect of individualized education program（IEP） on the caring behaviors of home car- egivers for elderly patients with high blood pressure. Methods A total of 160 home caregivers for elderly patients with high blood pressure in our hospital from April,2012 to August ,2013 to hospital were enrolled and divided randomly into intervention group and control group with 80 individuals in each group. All patients received conventional antihypertensive therapy, and discharged from hospital after keeping the blood pressure stabilized. The home caregivers in the intervention group received IEP,while the home caregivers in the control group only received the regular health education before the discharge. The general information of patients was collected by using questionnaires before the admission. A return visit to the patients and home earegivers was carried out in two months after the discharge, and their knowledge about hypertension were surveyed by using questionnaires. The hospital records were collected to identify the rate of visiting doctor again. The data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS software. Results 87.5% of the caregivers in the intervention group had a good understanding on the knowledge about hypertension,which was obviously higher than 17.5% in the control group, the difference was statistical significant（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The rate of visiting doctor again in the intervention group was signifi- cantly lower than that in the control group, the difference was significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The individualized ed- ucation program has a positive effect on the earing behaviors of home caregivers for elderly patients with high blood pres- sure,that will effectively reduce the rate of elderly patients visiting doctor again.