循证医学在肿瘤学临床教学实践中的应用探讨

Application of evidence-based medicine in oncology clinical teaching practice

近年来肿瘤学领域飞速发展,肿瘤学专科医师紧缺,该现状对于肿瘤学专业人才培养提出了更多更高的要求。新的医学教育形式要求肿瘤学教学在加强有关理论知识讲授的同时,更要注重对学生主动学习能力、创新思维及科研素质等的训练,以便为培养出更多高素质的医学人才打下坚实的基础。为此,高等医学院校应及时调整医学教育模式,更新教学观念,探索新的教学方法。循证医学是以证据为主的医学,以解决临床问题为出发点,提出一整套在临床实践中发现问题、寻找现有最佳证据、评价和综合分析所得证据以及正确应用结果指导临床决策的理论和方法 ,它弥补了长期以来统治临床医学领域的经验医学模式的不足,在很大程度上影响并改变了我们的医学实践行为。目前循证医学已广泛深入到各种临床实践和基础研究,不仅对医药、卫生的各个领域产生了重大影响,也为医学教育、教学改革带来了新的探索。因此,在肿瘤学临床和教学实践中引入循证医学理念,应用循证医学的原则和方法进行教学探索,运用以问题为中心的教育模式,以期提高临床肿瘤学教学水平和教育质量,是新时代下医学教育改革的大势所趋。近几年循证医学在我国各大高校的肿瘤学教学中已得到不断应用,对医学教育起到了良好的推动作用。

With the rapid development in the field of oncology and the urgent demand for professional oncologist, more re- quirements have been put forward for the training and development of ontology professionals. In order to lay a solid foun- dation for training more high-quality medical talents, ontology teaching in new medical education form requires not only the teaching of relevant theoretical knowledge, but also the establishment in students＇ active learning ability, creative thinking and scientific research quality. For these reasons, medical colleges and universities should adjust the teaching modes of medical education in time, change teaching ideas and explore new efficient teaching methods. Evidence-based medicine（EBM） ,a discipline based only on evidence, emphasizes to solve clinical problems as starting point, put forward a set of theories and methods for clinical problems found,best available evidence search, evaluation and comprehensive a- nalysis of evidence, and finally the correct application of the results obtained to guide the clinical decision in clinical prac- tice. It makes up the shortage of long dominated empirical medicine mode, influences and changes to a large extent the be- havior of our medical practice. At present this concept of EBM has not only influenced on medication and sanitation, but also brought new exploration in the medical education and teaching reformation, leading to a widespread and profound reach of EBM into various forms of clinical practice and basic research. Thus it was of great importance to initiate the con- cept of EBM into the clinical teaching practice of ontology, apply the principle and method of EBM in teaching explora- tion,use the problem-based education mode to improve the oneology teaching level and education quality. This conceptual model has generated EBM as the general trend of the new era reformation of medical education. Indeed,EBM has already been performed in ontology teaching in Chinese colleges and universities and has exerted a good effect on the promotion of medical education in recent years.