学困生元刻板印象结构探索与问卷编制

Structure Exploration and Scale Development of Meta-stereotype in Learning Difficulties Students

目的：探索学困生元刻板印象多维结构并编制测量问卷。方法：对105名中学生和10名教师进行开放式问卷调查、半结构化访谈,通过内容分析探索学困生元刻板印象的内容结构;并据此编制学困生元刻板印象两极特质形容词评定问卷,对461名学困生进行调查。结果：学困生元刻板印象两极特质形容词评定问卷由18个项目构成,包含意志品质、态度与能力、同伴交往、行为特征等4个维度;验证性因素分析表明该问卷具有良好的拟合指标（χ^2=261.84,χ^2/df=2.03,CFI=0.94,TLI=0.93,RMSEA=0.056,90%CI=0.047-0.066,SRMR=0.063）,总问卷及各维度的内部一致性系数介于0.72～0.87之间,重测信度为0.75～0.82;总分与维度（0.35～0.78）以及各维度间（0.22～0.62）显著相关,总分和各维度与外群际接触意向显著相关（0.23～0.35）。结论：学困生元刻板印象具有四维结构,学困生元刻板印象两极特质形容词评定问卷具有良好的信度和效度。

Objective：To explore the multi-dimensional structure of meta-stereotype and develop a measuring scale of meta-stereotype for learning difficulties students.Methods：Open questionnaire,semi-structured interview were conducted to 105 students and 10 teachers,and meta-stereotype structure was explored by content analysis.The self-developed meta-stereotype scale with opposite trait adjectives assessment was used to survey 461 learning difficulties students.Results：The meta-stereotype scale with opposite trait adjectives assessment in learning difficulties students included 18 items and was composed of four dimensions including volitional quality,attitude and ability,peer interaction and behavior characteristics.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale had good fit index（χ^2= 261.84,χ^2/ df= 2.03,CFI = 0.94,TLI = 0.93,RMSEA = 0.056,90% CI = 0.047 ～ 0.066,SRMR = 0.063）.The internal consistency of the scale and the four dimensions were ranged between 0.72 ～ 0.87,and the test-retest coefficients for the scale were ranged between 0.75 ～ 0.82.The relationship between total score and four dimensions（0.35 ～ 0.78） and among dimensions（0.22 ～ 0.62） were significant.The total score and four dimensions were significantly correlated with behavioral intentions toward the out-group（0.23 ～0.35）.Conclusion：The structure of meta-stereotype in learning difficulties students incorporates four multi-dimensional structures,the reliability and validity of the meta-stereotype scale with opposite trait adjectives assessment was satisfactory.