末端回肠外置术在腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术中应用的可行性

Feasibility of terminal intestinal exteriorization in laparoscopic anterior resection for anterior cancer

目的：探讨末端回肠外置术（外置但不造口）在腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术中应用的可行性。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月间徐州市中心医院肿瘤外科二病区77例行腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术患者的临床资料，其中术后接受末端回肠外置术者32例（肠外置组），术后接受传统预防性末端回肠造口者45例（造口组），比较两组患者的吻合口、造口和造口还纳相关并发症的发生率。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量及根治术加还纳术的总住院时间的差异无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）；但肠外置组较造口组的总住院费用明显降低[（5．39±1．74）万元比（6．98±1．37）万元，P＜0．01]。肠外置组和造口组患者中分别有3例（9．4％）和2例（4．4％）患者出现吻合口瘘，发现后肠外置组患者立即切开外置肠管加行造口术，所有患者均经吻合口局部持续负压冲洗、加强抗感染和营养支持治疗后治愈出院。肠外置组和造口组患者术后吻合口相关并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义[15．6％（5／32）比8．9％（4／45），P＝0．619]；而肠外置组的造口及造口还纳总并发症发生率明显低于造口组[15．6％（5／32）比42．2％（19／45），P＝0．013]。结论腹腔镜直肠前切除后行末端回肠外置安全可行，对于吻合口瘘高危患者是一种可供选择的预防措施。

Objective To discuss the feasibility of terminal intestinal exteriorization （exteriorization without ileostomy） in laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer. Methods Clinicopathological data of 77 patients undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection for low rectal cancer in our department from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. After laparoscopic rectal resection, 32 patients received terminal intestinal exteriorization （exteriorization group） and 45 patients received preventive ileostomy （ileostomy group）. Anastomosis-related, stoma-related and intestinal stoma closure-related morbidity was compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in operative time, blood loss and overall hospital stay between the two groups （all P〉0.05）. The total hospital cost was （5.39 ±1.74） ×104 yuan in the exteriorization group, and （6.98 ±1.37）×104 yuan in the ileostomy group （P〈0.01）. The incidences of postoperative anastomotic fistula was not significantly different between the two groups（P±0.05）. Three patients（9.4%） developed anastomotic leak in the exteriorization group and 2（4.4%） in the ileostomy group. The anastomotic leak was managed by opening the external intestinal wall and maturating an ileostomy under local anaesthesia. All these 5 patients were cured with nutritional support, antibiotics, continuous local drainage. In the exteriorization group, 5 patients had complications related to stoma and intestinal stoma closure operation （15.6%）, which was lower than （42.2%） in the ileostomy group （P=0.013）. Conclusion Terminal intestinal exteriorization in laparoscopic anterior resection is a safe and feasible surgical procedure with little trauma and less hospital cost, which can be an alternative as a prophylactic treatment for patients with high risk of anastomotic leak.