国家级自然保护区保护成效评估指标体系构建——以陆生脊椎动物(除候鸟外)类型为例

Construction of an indicator system for evaluating the protection efficacy of national nature reserves in China: A case study on terrestrial vertebrates(excluding migratory birds)

充分发挥自然保护区的保护成效是实现生物多样性保护目标的关键,开展保护成效评估对促进国家级自然保护区的有效管理和宏观决策具有重要意义.本研究以10年为评估时间尺度,以保护目标物种为评估重点,采用频度统计法、专家咨询法、层次分析法(AHP)及案例调研法,率先构建了我国陆生脊椎动物(除候鸟外)类型国家级自然保护区保护成效评估指标体系.该评估框架包括1个目标层、2个系统层、9个因素层和40个指标层,其中系统层包括生态有效性评估(分值占60%)和管理有效性评估(分值占40%).生态有效性评估以目标物种种群及其生境动态变化为主;管理有效性评估注重资源监测、日常巡护等管理行动评估;赋分区主要针对人类活动对保护区目标物种种群及自然资源影响的评估.本研究首次将生态有效性和管理有效性有机结合,注重时空动态变化,区分人为因素的影响与自然变化的结果,将评估指标量化,可促进我国野生动物资源的科学保护、自然保护区的有效管理与宏观规划决策.

The protection efficacy of nature reserves is a key element in achieving targets of biodiversity conservation. It is therefore very important to develop a scientific,systematic,and accurate index system for evaluating the protection efficacy of national nature reserves in China. Using methods of frequency statistics,expert consultation,analytic hierarchy process,and demonstration survey,we present a novel index system for evaluating the protection efficacy of Chinese national nature reserves for terrestrial vertebrates（ excluding migratory birds） over a 10-year period. The indicator system included one target layer,two system layers,nine factor layers,and forty index layers.The system layer included ecological effectiveness evaluation（ with a score of 60%） and management effectiveness evaluation（ score of 40%）. The ecological effectiveness evaluation was a comprehensive,dynamic evaluation of the target species,population,habitat,and ecological system.The management effectiveness evaluation was focused on the effectiveness of patrol and monitoring.The additional part aimed to analyze the impact of humans on the target species,population and nature resources of the nature reserve. This study combined the ecological effectiveness evaluation and the management effectiveness evaluation for the first time,highlighted the importance of time and space changes,distinguished the influence of natural factors from human factors,and integrated them into the evaluation results. By emphasizing quantifiable indicators,this evaluation index system could vastly assist the protection of nature reserves by improving management effectiveness,biodiversity conservation,and macroscopic decision-making.