亲近还是疏离?乡城人口流动背景下农民工家庭的代际关系类型分析——来自深圳调查的发现

Intergenerational Relationship in Migrant Families in the Context of Rural to Urban Migration:A Typological Analysis

在大规模乡城人口流动背景下,代际关系对农民工家庭成员的生活福利具有重要影响。类型学方法是描述复杂多样家庭关系的有用工具,然而目前鲜有对中国农民工家庭代际关系多样性的类型学研究。文章利用2013年12月在中国深圳市的农民工调查数据,使用潜在类别分析的方法,发现了农民工家庭中存在紧密型、远但亲近型、近但有间型与疏离型等四种关系类型,其中最具传统大家庭特征和强凝聚力的紧密型关系仍是农民工家庭中最普遍的关系类型,但已深刻地打上了城镇化烙印,反映了传统农村家庭代际关系的传承与变迁特征;远但亲近型关系反映了乡城人口流动背景下外出务工子女远距离赡养父母的努力,子女对父母的情感成为维系家庭代际关系的新的重要纽带。

In the context of massive rural-urban migration,changing intergenerational relations have an important impact on welfare of family members of rural migrant workers. Typological methods provide a useful tool to depict complex and diverse family relations,yet there are few typological studies on diversity of intergenerational relations in Chinese rural migrant workers＇ families. Using data from a survey of rural migrant workers in Shenzhen in 2013, this paper, employing latent class analysis, reveals four types of intergenerational relations in rural migrant workers＇ families：tight-knit, near but emotionally- detached,distant but emotionally-close, and detached ties. The tight-knit tie,which is characteristic of the traditional extended family and of strong cohesion, is the most common type in rural migrant workers＇ families, but it has been deeply branded with the mark of urbanization, reflecting continuation and change of traditional rural family relations. The distant but emotionally-close tie reflects the effort of out- migrant children who support their parents over a long distance,with parent-child emotion growing into an important new bond maintaining intergenerational family relations.