网络嵌入、集聚模仿与大学衍生企业知识溢出——基于中国三大海洋工程装备制造业集群的实证研究

Network Embeddedness,Cluster Structure Imitation and Knowledge Spillover of University Spin-off Companies

引入新网络特征——空间集聚结构发现,我国企业集群知识溢出存在空间模仿效应。为此,利用空间计量模型修正社会网络分析结果,考察大学衍生企业网络嵌入演进对企业集群知识溢出的真实影响。结果表明,产业关联、信任、关系联结规模和中介中心度有助于提高企业集群知识溢出水平,知识认同度和互惠程度对知识溢出的影响存在最优均衡;网络嵌入对知识溢出的影响存在明显的空间模仿效应,在连续性知识空间更多表现为邻近效应,在间断性知识空间则表现为异质效应,集群内空间模仿效应强于集群间;在控制空间效应后,仅在波纹状集聚结构的环渤海集群存在结构洞与知识溢出的负向关联。基于上述结果,结合我国国情提出海洋装备集群未来发展政策及启示。

This paper tries to introduce a new network features named spatial structure to find some evidences of spatial effect in geography of knowledge spillover of enterprise cluster in China, and investigates the evolution of University Spin- off Companies network embeddedness on the influence of knowledge spillover by using spatial econometric model to correct the result of social network analysis. It turned out that： （1） industry relevance, trust, degree of network and betweeness centrality will improve the level of knowledge spillover within enterprise cluster, and there exists a optimal equilibrium value on knowledge identity or reciprocity to maximize knowledge spillover effect; （2） there are obvious spatial effects with network embeddedness on the influence of knowledge spillover, which shows spatial proximity in continuous knowl- edge space or spatial heterogeneity in intermittent knowledge space, and spatial effect within a cluster is stronger than be- tween clusters; （3） there is a significant negative correlation between structural holes and knowledge spillover which only exist in the marine engineering equipment cluster of Bohai rim by controlling the spatial effect. Based on the above results, this paper explores some policy implications for the future development of marine engineering equipment cluster combined with the situation of China.