低酚酶活性选择对小麦穗发芽的影响

Effects of Consecutive Selections for Low Poly Phenol Oxidase Activity on Wheat Pre-harvest Sprouting(PHS)

为探讨小麦抗穗发芽育种新方法,本研究对10个小麦品种(系)连续3代进行了低PPO活性选择,对40份后代品系的整籽粒PPO活性、酚含量、吸水率、穗发芽率以及种皮、胚、胚乳的PPO活性和酚含量进行了测定。结果表明,10个小麦品种(系)的PPO活性随定向选择世代的增加逐渐降低,穗发芽率也逐渐降低,证明了酚酶活性与小麦穗发芽抗性密切相关。选择代数与整籽粒PPO活性、吸水率、穗发芽率、种皮PPO活性、胚PPO活性、胚乳PPO活性呈显著负相关;整籽粒PPO活性、吸水率、穗发芽率、种皮PPO活性、胚PPO活性、胚乳PPO活性相互之间呈正相关;选择代数与整籽粒酚含量、种皮酚含量、胚酚含量、胚乳酚含量无相关性。本研究可为培育抗穗发芽小麦新品种提供依据。

To establish a new method in wheat breeding for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, low poly phenol oxidase （PPO） activity was selected for three consecutive generations in 10 wheat varieties （or lines）. PPO activity and phenols f content of whole grain, water absorption ratio, percentage of sprouting, PPO activities of seed coat, embryo, and endosperm, phenols contents of seed coat, embryo and endosperm in 40 derivative lines were determined. The results showed that both PPO activity and percentage of sprouting were reduced in the derivatives of 10 wheat varieties （or lines） after three cycles of selection for low PPO activity. Low PPO activity was correlated with low PHS. Correlation analysis showed that whole grain PPO activity, water absorption ratio, percentage of sprouting, PPO activities of seed coat, embryo and endosperm were negatively correlated with selection generations. These criteria were positively correlated with each other. No correlation was observed between the PPO selection cycles and the phenol contents of whole grain, seed coat, embryo, and endosperm.