美国政党政治中的党建问题

Party Building in U.S.Party Politics

在一些学者眼中,仿佛只有马克思主义政党才重视"党的建设",其实不然。通过文献研究与实地考察,文章研究发现以资本主义国家的代表美国为例,其执政党也重视党的建设。第二次世界大战后,共和党比民主党更重视党的建设,民主党在克林顿的第二个任期也开始重视党的建设。两党对党的建设的重视程度取决于选举的压力,当然也会对选举结果产生直接影响。文章认为,当前,美国政党政治正面临着一些前所未有的挑战,抓党建不失为共和党、民主党应对这些挑战的一个正确选项。

In some scholars＇ eyes, only Marxist parties pay much attention to party building. In fact, through studies of documents and field investigation, we found that in capitalist countries, such as the U. S. , ruling parties also emphasize party building. After the Second World War, comparing with the Democrats, the Repub- licans seemed to be more inclined to party building. Democrats started to put effort in party building after Bill Clinton＇s second term as president. The degree of emphasis on party building mostly depends on electoral pres- sure, which also has a direct impact on election results. At present, due to numerous unprecedented challenges in American party politics, paying attention to party building can be a correct choice for both the Democratic and Republican parties.