武陵山区莼菜减产原因调查和改进措施探讨

Investigation on the Reasons of Water Shield Reduced Production and Discussion Improving Methods in Wuling Mountain Area

根据对武陵山区莼菜栽培的田间调查,结合已有文献,分析了莼菜减产主要原因。结果表明:莼菜减产原因是莼菜田周边生态环境恶化,物种组成简单,抗干扰能力差。莼菜遗传多样性低下,抵御病虫害风险能力弱;莼菜粘液毛外无角质层保护,其细胞膜易受水体中离子损伤解体;莼菜为小作物,尚未形成高产栽培模式。建议在今后莼菜生产中关注其田间周围的生态环境保护;建立全球莼菜种质资源圃和育苗繁殖基地,研究育苗复壮技术;保持莼菜田间合理群体数量,确立适当水肥管理措施;建立莼菜与旱作周期性轮作或者休耕制度;最终建立合理的莼菜栽培模式。

The present work focus on the reasons of water shield （Brasenia schreberi） reduced production and improving methods based on field investigation and formerly literatures in Wuling mountain area. The mainly reasons are deterioration ecological environment around the water shield field, simple composed of species, and weakly resisted disturbance. Lower genetic diversity of water shield can＇t withstand of diseases and insect pests attack. Slime hairs haven＇t cuticle protection and the membrance can＇t tolerant ions stress in water. Water shield is a minor crop but still didn＇t found high-yield cultivation model. It＇s suggested that emphasize the ecological environment protection about the fields of water shield. Establish global germplasm resources and breeding base of water shield, and study rejuvenating techniques. Create properly cultivation model according to rational number of population, and water and fertilizer management measures,and water shield-dry crops rotation system or fallow.