纯分时定价与分时阶梯定价对政策目标实现的对比分析

Policy Target Achievement Between Pure Time-of-use Tariff and Time-of-use Block Tariff

基于双层需求模型,对分时阶梯定价与纯分时定价下的居民电力需求行为进行比较。利用相对需求方程检验两类定价下的相对需求是否具有非位似偏好性质,运用绝对需求方程分析居民在峰谷时的不同弹性特征。研究结论表明,分时阶梯与纯分时定价下存在不同的收入和电费位似偏好性质;居民的价格与需求弹性显著不同;两类定价下可以实现的政策目标也存在明显差异。本文为系统比较非线性定价与线性定价下的需求奠定了基础。

This paper analyses electricity demand behavior under time-of-use block tariff and pure time-of-use tariff based on two-level demand model with residential electricity and micro family data, such as home appliances. Using the data from the Hangzhou and Shanghai, we first examine the relative demand under two kinds of pricing whether have non-homothetic quality. Then using absolute demand equation analyze residential own-price elasticity , cross-price elasticity and income elasticity during peak valley, income elasticity of sub- stitution elasticity of demand between peak and valley and analyze the heterogeneous reactions of different kinds of people. Study conclusion shows that residents have different preference nature under the time-of-use block tariff and pure time-of-use tariff, the two types of price elasticity and substitution elasticity of demand have significant differences, income elasticity are not significant; the reaction from different types of residents in the same pricing system is different, so is the pricing policy goal in different types. This paper lays a foundation for comparing the demand systematically between nonlinear and linear pricing.