八字易象对性二元论的思想贡献及其意义——兼论术数对中国古代哲学的影响

Contributions and Significance of the Eight-character System to the Dualism of Nature:Simultaneously on the Influence of Arts of Calculation upon Ancient Chinese Philosophy

儒家性二元论的产生与流行与当时所流行的八字术(八字易象)密切相关。八字易象是一种以人出生时间的天干地支所形成的阴阳五行之象研究人生及天人关系的术数。其思想观点和术数活动,影响了宋代理学性二元论。八字易象在性、理、气等问题上也具有一定的思想深度。中国古代术数及其思想对中国哲学史的影响与意义,是一个长期被忽略的问题。研究术数的思想资源,有助于我们批判迷信思想,了解中国思想史上阴阳五行思想多方面的内容,也有助于我们吸收传统思想,建立新时代的中国哲学。

The emergence and prevalence of the Neo-Confucian dualism of human nature was closely related to the mantic art then popular, based on the eight characters （bazi八字, a.k.a. Chinese astrology）. This art is a kind of art of calculation of life and of one＇s relations to nature, based on the yin yang and five phase images conceived in the heavenly stems and earthly branches expressing the year, month, day, and hour of one＇s birth. Its theory and practice influenced the Neo Confucian theory of dualism of human nature. The images of the eight-characters also possess in-depth thought on the issues of human nature, principles, and qi （material force）. The influence and significance of ancient Chinese arts of calculation upon the history of Chinese philosophy have long been neglected. Studying the ideological resources of the calculation arts can help us criticize superstition, be aware of the multifaceted presentations of the yin-yang and five-phase theory in the history of Chinese thought. And additionally, it is conducive for us to absorb traditional thinking and establish contemporary Chinese philosophy in the new era.