我国儿童用药风险因素的专家调查研究

Expert Investigation Study on Risk Factors of Medication for Children in China

目的通过对儿童用药风险因素的识别、梳理和评估,提出相应的应对措施来保障儿童用药安全。方法运用文献研究法,以鱼骨图法梳理儿童用药风险因素,以专家意见法咨询专家意见,完善风险因素,并请专家打分,以层次分析法对打分结果进行分析,得出重要程度较高的风险因素,据此提出应对策略。结果和结论医师诊断和患儿用药这两个环节的风险因素相对较多,医师处方时剂量单位、零或小数点错误,护士施药时未认真核对患儿信息,医师不熟悉儿童生理病理特点,医师忽视患儿疾病史和过敏史,医师处方时书写相似药品的名称这5个风险因素位于前5位。应通过风险沟通、培训和继续教育、建立备忘与考核系统等措施来保障儿童用药安全。

Objective Through identification, carding and evaluation of the risk factors of medication for children, to put forward the corresponding measures to ensure children＇s medication safety. Methods Using fishbone diagram method, child risk factors were combed, and then perfected by the method of expert advice consulting. According to expert scoring, the risk factors which are of high importance were concluded by using analytic hierarchy process（AHP） to analyze the result of the score. On the basis of these researches, coping strategies were put forward. Results and Conclusion The risk factors in the two links-physician diagnosis and medication of children are relatively more. The top five important risk factors are as follows： the dosage unit or zero or decimal point is incorrect when doctors prescribe, nurses don＇t check the information of the children carefully when applying medicine, doctors are unfamiliar with children＇s physiological and pathological characteristics, doctors ignore the history of disease and allergy in children, and doctors write the name of the similar drug when prescribing. We need to use the following measures to ensure the safety of children＇s drugs： risk communication, training and continuing education, establishing the memo and the appraisal system, etc.