“庶事草创”与“十月至霸上”——论“汉初不改正朔”的历史书写

The Beginning of Government Affairs and to Bashang in December——On the Historiography of the Unchanged Orthodox Calendar in Early Han Dynasty

在汉代经学体系中,"改正朔"以示新命所在,乃是政权鼎革之际的必然行为。然而事实上,汉初并未改正朔,而是"袭秦正朔"。面对这一事实,《史记》《汉书》进行了历史书写的补救,"庶事草创"与高祖"十月至霸上"就成为"汉初不改正朔"的两种历史解释。这两种历史解释皆非"汉初不改正朔"的历史真实,而是经学化的正朔理论形成后的补救性解释。

In Han dynasty classics system, changing the orthodox calendar to show the new mandate of heaven is the necessity when the kaiserdom has been changed. As it is, though in early Han dynasty, orthodox calendar hash＇ t been changed, but followed that of Qin dynasty. With this fact, in the Record of History and the History of Former Han Dynasty, there are remedies of historiography, that is, the beginning of the government affairs and to Bashang in December. In fact, they are not the historical fact why the orthodox has not been changed in the early Han dynasty, but the remedial explanation after the formation of orthodox calendar in Confucius classics.