试析表主观评价的“一个X,Y”构式

Analysis on the Construction of “Yige X,Y” Which Expresses Subjective Evaluation

本文讨论表主观评价的"一个X,Y"构式,指出"一个X"凸显人或事物、事件的属性,"Y"则对"X"的属性所执行的某种行为或造成的某种状态的合宜性进行评议。出现在"X"位置上的成分有一定的语义限制,"一个X"既可以表示客观量,也可以表示主观大量和主观小量。同时,"一个X"与"Y"之间形成常态关系和异态关系两种类型,前者倾向针对特定个体宣扬普遍道理,后者具有表达反预期信息的语用功能。文章还讨论了"一个X,Y"构式主观化的演进历程。

The construction of ＂yige X,Y＂ which expresses subjective evaluation is dis- cussed in this paper. It directs that ＂yige X＂ prominently reflects the attributes of person or object,event,and ＂Y＂ comments on the behavior or state carried out by the attribute of ＂X＂.The component of ＂X＂ has some semantic restriction and ＂yige X＂ not only ex- presses objective quantity,but also expresses subjective quantity. Meanwhile,there are stereo- typical relation and antistereotypical relation between ＂yige X＂ and ＂Y＂,the former has the inclination to propagate common principle at special individual and the latter expresses pragmatic function of counter-expectation. It discusses the subjectivization of the construction of ＂yige X,Y＂ finally.