火成岩储层勘探现状、基本特征及预测技术综述

A review:exploration status,basic characteristics and prediction approaches of igneous rock reservoir

在大量文献调研和实际应用基础上,对火成岩储层的地质特征、测井响应特征和地震特征进行了客观、全面的分析和总结,研究认为:1国内外火成岩勘探技术还很不成熟,目前其探明储量只占世界总探明量的1%,国外勘探技术报道很少,国内大规模开发的实例也不多;2根据玄武岩、安山岩等测井响应的不同特征及测井交会图板可以识别火成岩的岩性,利用常规测井、辅助其他特殊测井还可以识别裂缝;3火成岩具有较典型的地震相模式:侵入岩体多呈平行、穿层板状,喷发岩则呈"蘑菇状"或"丘状"模式,且内部多为杂乱反射,根据这些地震相特征可以预测火成岩;4火成岩储层预测的关键还是地震技术,比较有效的地震技术包括:水平切片分析技术,三瞬、吸收衰减、三维曲率等地震属性技术,波阻抗和多参数反演技术等;5受物性、埋深、构造运动、地震资料分辨率等多种因素的限制,火成岩储层的识别还有较大的困难,需要技术上的不断创新和理论上新的突破。

A holistic approach has been carried out for the geological features,log responses and seismic characteristics of igneous rock reservoir based on a vast range of literature sand application studies of many work areas.The following observations are obtained from the research:A.Exploration of igneous reservoir in the world is not very mature.The proved reserve of igneous reservoir only accounts for 1% of that in the world.Reports on exploration abroad and domestic cases of large-scale development are rare;B.We can identify lithology such as basalt and andesite through logging response and cross-plot.Conventional and special logging can help identify fractures;C.Igneous rock has typical patterns of seismic facies:intrusive volcanic mostly has parallel tabular reflection,and extrusive volcanic mostly has chaotic interior reflection with pattern of mushroom or mound.This can help igneous rock reservoir prediction;D.Seismic technology is the key of igneous rock exploration.Slice analysis,three instantaneous information,absorption attenuation,3Dcurvature,impedance and multi-parameter inversion are effective;F. Limited by physical property,burial depth,tectonic movement and seismic data resolution,igneous rock reservoir identification is still very difficult.Further technological innovation and theoretical breakthrough are needed.