青年男性急性心肌梗死危险因素和冠状动脉造影特征

Features of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary angiography in young men with acute myocardial infarction

目的探讨青年男性急性心肌梗死(AMI)发病危险因素及冠状动脉(冠脉)病变特点。方法回顾性分析247例AMI男性患者临床资料。其中,青年(年龄21-44岁)患者88例(A组),中年(年龄45-59岁)患者159例(B组),分析两组AMI相关发病危险因素及冠脉病变年龄差异。结果A组早发冠心病家族史、超重、不良生活方式患者比例及血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平均高于B组(P<0.05)。A组单支病变、冠脉Gensini总积分<4分者多于B组,而多支病变者、冠脉Gensini总积分、罪犯血管Gensini积分少于B组(P<0.05)。结论早发冠心病家族史、超重、不良生活习惯及高TC和LDL水平为青年早发AMI的关键因素,其中不良生活习惯为最重要因素。

Objective To explore the features of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary angiography in young men with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods Data of 247 male patients with AMI were retrospectively analyzed, of whom 88 cases were aged 21 to 44 years old （group A） and 159 cases were aged 45 to 59 years old（group B）. The risk factors for AMI and the lesions of coronary artery reported by angiography were analyzed. Results The percentages of patients with family history of cardiovascular disease, excess weight, bad way of life and serum levels of total cholesterol （TC） and low density lipoprotein （LDL） were higher in group A than those in group B（P〈0. 05）. The patients with single-vessel lesion and Gensini score under 4 points were more in group A than those in group B（P〈0. 05）. The patients with multi-vessel lesions, total Gensini scores and culprit vessel Gensini scores were lower in group A than those in group B（P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Family history of cardiovascular disease, excess weight, bad way of life and high serum levels of TC and LDL are the key risk factors for the early onset of AMI in male young adults, of which bad way of life is of the most importance.